╨╧рб▒с>■  79■   6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ье┴q` Ё┐╪bjbjqPqP .(::╪      дддддддд╕Ь Ь Ь Ь ░ ╕Г ╢╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪        $9hбА( д╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ( дд╪ ╪ = ╞ ╞ ╞ ╪ д╪ д╪  ╞ ╪  ╞ ╞ дд╞ ╪ ╠ ═zV ╚Ь т R╞  S 0Г ╞ !4 И!╞ !д╞ <╪ ╪ ╞ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ( ( ╝ ╪ ╪ ╪ Г ╪ ╪ ╪ ╪ ╕╕╕фЬ ╕╕╕Ь ╕╕╕дддддд     Listening Lecture I. Listening A. Hearing and listening are different processes. 1. Hearing is a physiological process. 2. Listening is a mental process that involves paying close attention. B. Most people are poor listeners. 1. Researchers find that most people only understand about half of what they hear. 2. After two days most people retain less than twenty-five percent of the original message. C. Listening is an important job skill. 1. Effective listeners hold higher positions and are promoted more often than poor listeners. 2. Business managers rank listening as the communication skill most crucial to their jobs. D. Listening is an excellent way to improve speaking skills. II. Types of listening A. Appreciative listening is listening for pleasure or enjoyment. 1. Listening to music is one example. 2. Listening to a comedy routine is another example. B. Empathetic listening is listening to provide emotional support for the speaker. 1. A counselor practices empathetic listening. 2. Friends practice empathetic listening when they discuss something with a person in distress. C. Comprehensive listening focuses on understanding the speakerТs message. 1. Listening to classroom lectures is one example of comprehensive listening. 2. Getting directions to a friendТs house is another instance of comprehensive listening. D. Critical listening involves evaluating a message either to accept it or reject it. 1. Listening to a sales pitch is an opportunity for critical listening. 2. Listening to a campaign speech is another opportunity to listen critically. III. Four causes of poor listening A. Not concentrating is one cause of poor listening. B. Listening too hard can also interfere with effective listening. 1. Listening too hard involves trying to remember every detail of a message. 2. When listeners focus on every detail, they often miss the speakerТs main points. C. Jumping to conclusions also prevents listeners from hearing messages accurately. 1. One way we jump to conclusions is by assuming we know what someone is going to say before that person actually speaks. 2. Another way we jump to conclusions is by prematurely rejecting a speakerТs ideas as boring or misguided without hearing the entire message. D. Focusing on delivery and personal appearance instead of listening to a speakerТs message is another cause of poor listening. 1. Some people are so put off by personal appearance, accents, or unusual vocal mannerisms that they do not bother to listen. 2. This type of emotional censorship is deadly to communication. IV. Six ways to improve listening skills A. The first step in improving listening skills is to take listening seriously. 1. Good listening is a skill that demands practice and self-discipline. 2. One can become a better listener by working to improve listening skills. B. A second way to improve listening skills is to resist distractions. 1. Effective listeners make a conscious effort to keep their minds on what the speaker is saying. 2. When they find their minds wandering, they force their attention back to the speech. C. A third way to improve listening skills is not to be diverted by appearance or delivery. 1. Effective listeners set aside preconceived negative judgments about a speakerТs looks or manner of speech. 2. They also guard against being beguiled by a speakerТs attractive appearance or hypnotic delivery skills. D. A fourth way to improve listening skills is to suspend judgment until hearing a speakerТs full message. 1. Effective listeners realize they will hear things with which they disagree, but they make an effort not to reject a speaker out of hand. 2. They assess a speakerТs evidence and reasoning before making a judgment. E. A fifth way to improve listening skills is to focus oneТs listening. 1. Effective listeners focus on a speakerТs main points. 2. Effective listeners focus on the quality of a speakerТs evidence. 3. Effective listeners also focus on speaking techniques they can use in their own speeches. F. A sixth way to improve listening skills is to develop strong note-taking skills. 1. There is substantial research to show that note taking enhances listening. 2. Unfortunately, many people suffer from one or another of two weaknesses in note taking. a. The first weakness is attempting to write down a speakerТs every word. b. The second weakness is concentrating only on fascinating tidbits of information. 3. Efficient note takers develop two good habits, both of which lead to stronger listening skills. a. They learn to concentrate on a speakerТs main ideas and supporting materials. b. They use key-word outlines to summarize the speakerТs message.  $VW~А╚╠Я г ╠ И М н └ ╚ р ф ч є Ї ¤ ( ) Q R Й М Ц Ч а ▐ ▀ p t w Д Е О m u v  ┬ ├ БЕ╝└Luy╦╠bfщєщєщєщєщєщє▄щє▄є▄щ▄╬▄╬▄щ▄щ▄┴│┴│┴щ┴щ┴│┴│┴│┴│┴щ┴щ┴щжЩщЩщЩщЩho:Вhчo╧OJQJ^Jho:Вh├r|OJQJ^Jh ·hBjг>*OJQJ^Jho:ВhBjгOJQJ^Jh ·h╪m=>*OJQJ^Jho:Вh╪m=OJQJ^Jho:ВOJQJ^Jho:Вhwa OJQJ^J9 V~╚яC Я ╠ + И ╔ р ( Q Й ▐  p ┴  j ┬ ЇЇьььььррьррььььь╘ьрьрр╘ Д dр^Д gdo:В Д╨dр^Д╨gdo:Вdрgdo:В $dрa$gdo:В╪■┬ ^Б╝Tк■z Л Lu╦bпk╟6дўыўўў▀▀╙▀▀╙▀▀ўўўыў▀▀╙▀▀╙ Д dр^Д gdo:В Д╨dр^Д╨gdo:В Д╨dр`Д╨gdo:Вdрgdo:ВЮъ8t╝t┬j└%x╙╪єєыыыєыєє▀▀є▀╧╩gdBjгД;Д╨dр^Д;`Д╨gdo:В Д dр^Д gdo:Вdрgdo:В Д╨dр^Д╨gdo:Вщъю89tuЦ╗└╦╨╙╒╪єщєщєщєщє▄є╧┬╡▒нhwa hBjгho:ВhBjгOJQJ^Jho:Вh├r|OJQJ^Jho:Вhчo╧OJQJ^Jho:ВhS OJQJ^Jho:ВOJQJ^Jho:Вhb7EOJQJ^J,1Рh░╨/ ░р=!░"░#Ра$Ра%░░╨░╨ Р╨ЖЬ@@ё @ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DAЄ бD Default Paragraph FontRiє │R  Table NormalЎ4╓ l4╓aЎ (kЇ ┴(No List╪(     V~╚яCЯ╠+И╔р(QЙ▐p┴j┬ ^Б╝Tк■z Л L u ╦  b п  k ╟ 6 д Юъ8t╝t┬j└%x╙┌Ш0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААШ0ААщ╪┬ ╪╪┌ЦЭ,5U^╨┌┌333333ccjj▒▒└└%%kkxx╫┌┌ хwa S ╪m=b7E├r|o:ВBjгчo╧ · @А┴┴@*ш""┴┴╪@@  Unknown            GРЗz А Times New Roman5РАSymbol3&Р Зz А Arial"ёИЁ╨hС]╣Fд;║K╨ "╨ "йЁа┤┤ББ24╧╧2ГЁHX)Ё ?ф                     wa 2  Listening Lecture Betsy Stoltz Betsy Stoltz■ рЕЯЄ∙OhлС+'│┘0ИРШ┤└╪фЁ $ D P \hpxАфListening Lecture Betsy StoltzNormal Betsy Stoltz3Microsoft Office Word@В5z @^сaыЇ╟@╨∙I ╚╨■ ╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙о0° hp|ДМФ Ьдм┤ ╝ ┌ф" ╧╪ Listening Lecture Title ■   ■    !"#$%■   '()*+,-■   /012345■   ¤   8■   ■   ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Root Entry         └Fр)РV ╚:АData             1Table    !WordDocument    .(SummaryInformation(            &DocumentSummaryInformation8        .CompObj            q            ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ■       └FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8Ї9▓q